John D. Rockefeller Essay - 1578 Words

The United States has come to be known as a major world superpower throughout history. One of the main parts of America that has contributed to its renowned strength has been its economy. The United State’s economy has been growing ever since it began. Credit for its strength and progress in development can be attributed to the financial geniuses of their time. John D. Rockefeller became an economical giant during his time when he changed the face of business by developing ground-breaking new strategies to ensure financial success. Rockefeller dramatically changed the business field during The Gilded Age. He did so through the use of his social Darwinistic philosophy of capitalism, inclusion of vertical and horizontal integration,†¦show more content†¦By establishing these set shipping rates with the railroad companies, it not only made it impossible for his competitors to stay in business, but it also allowed Rockefeller to establish a strong relationship with a key method of transportation for shipping products (Biography). By establishing a strong relationship with the railroad companies, Rockefeller was able to use his successful business practice to â€Å"control over 90 percent of the nation’s oil-refining industry by 1880† (The New Tycoons). As time continued on and his business became more successful, he also applied another clever business strategy known as vertical integration. This process consisted of a company purchasing and controlling each and every step of one’s industry production process. Rockefeller’s company used this process very efficiently as they â€Å"became known to manipulate crude oil prices to drive refineries to bankruptcy, allowing him to buy them cheaply† (Epstein). By controlling each production step, he was able to minimize costs by removing any companies from the middle that were previously completing steps on the way to the finish product. Rockefeller was also known to manipu late prices of crude oil in order to drive his competing refineries into bankruptcy which allowed him to buy them cheaply (Epstein). However, his economic beliefs and ideas were not the only strategies which John Rockefeller used to elevate his business and personal profile to a national level andShow MoreRelatedJohn D. Rockefeller1671 Words   |  7 PagesJohn D. Rockefeller, born on July 8, 1839, has had a huge impact on the course of American history, his reputation spans from being a ruthless businessperson to a thoughtful philanthropist (Tarbell 41). He came from a family with not much and lived the American dream, rising to success through his own wit and cunning, riding on the backs of none. His legacy is huge, amassing the greatest private wealth of any American in history. Rockefeller’s influence on our country has been both a positive andRead MoreJohn D. Rockefeller1369 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction John D. Rockefeller was born on July 8, 1839, and has had a huge impact on the course of American history. His reputation spans from being a ruthlessly powerful businessman to an intelligent philanthropist. He came from a family with not much and lived the American dream, rising to success with his own genius, all by himself. His legacy is unforgettable, gaining the greatest wealth of anyone in history. Rockefeller’s influence on America has been both a positive and a negative one.Read MoreEssay on John D. Rockefeller1369 Words   |  6 Pages15, 2001 The Rockefellers feared the temptations of wealth, yet a visitor once described their estate as the kind of place God would have built if only hed had the money. They amassed a fortune that outraged a Democratic nation, then gave it all away reshaping America. They were the closest thing the country had to a royal family, but the Rockefellers shunned the public eye. For decades, the Rockefeller name was despised in America, associated with John D. Rockefeller Sr.s feared monopolyRead MoreThe Legacy Of John D. Rockefeller1576 Words   |  7 Pageswere these people called the titans. John D. Rockefeller was considered one of the titans. Rockefeller wanted to be the richest man in America, however, he was the first billionaire in America (Independence Hall Association, 2015). He was born in Richford, New York in 1839. Rockefeller was the second child and he had five other siblings which were William Rockefeller, Frank Rockefeller, Lucy Rockefeller Briggs, Francis Rockefeller, and Mary Ann Rockefeller (Famous people,2015). He married LauraRead More John D. Rockefeller Essay1337 Words   |  6 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Rockefellers feared the temptations of wealth, yet a visitor once described their estate as the kind of place God would have built if only he’d had the money. They amassed a fortune that outraged a Democratic nation, then gave it all away reshaping America. They were the closest thing the country had to a royal family, but the Rockefellers shunned the public eye. For decades, the Rockefeller name was despised in America, associated with John D. Rockefeller Sr.’s feared monopoly, StandardRead MoreThe Legacy Of John D. Rockefeller Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Davison Rockefeller One of the most influential men in shaping America, one of the most brilliant men to walk this Earth, one of the most resilient and cut-throat entrepreneurs of time is John D. Rockefeller. There are a few things that make this man have a few of these qualities. The biggest and most important reasons is he is one of the very few men who literally made America and its reality what it is today. There are lots of men who made big moves to push America in this direction, but Rockefeller’sRead MoreJohn D. Rockefeller, Sr.2537 Words   |  11 Pages$340 billion. This amount, according to Forbes’s website, is John D. Rockefeller, Sr.’s net wealth in today’s dollars. Mr. Rockefeller built his fortune through the oil industry. He founded the Standard Oil Company, which owned about 90% of American refineries and pipelines. Although John D. Rockefeller, Sr. is arguably the richest man in United States history, he was also a deeply despised man. According to PBSâ€⠄¢s video on the Rockefellers, he kept a revolver near his bedside because of death and kidnappingRead MoreJohn D. Rockefeller : Principles Of Management1304 Words   |  6 PagesNortheastern State University John D. Rockefeller Annaz Sprinkle Principles of Management 3183 Bruce Richardson November 5, 2016 Annaz Sprinkle Bruce Richardson MGMT 3183 November 5, 2016 John D. Rockefeller Playing a game of kickball in the street was not the only excitement young children had. Many young children often contemplated what they would become in their adult life. They aspired to be a fireman, astronaut, doctor, lawyer and even a wealthy businessman. Some children eventuallyRead MoreJohn D. Rockefeller And Commodore Vanderbilt Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesFinal Exam John D. Rockefeller and Commodore Vanderbilt were both powerful businessmen of their time. They both dominated the markets that they were in, and they brought innovation and efficiency to their trades. Both entrepreneurs used hard work to break into their markets and become some of the most successful businessmen of history. These men both made such a large impact on their industries, without their contribution those industries would not be what they are today. John D. Rockefeller dominatedRead MoreJohn D. Rockefeller And The Gilded Age1697 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness in 1870, John D. Rockefeller created the Standard Oil Company, which later dominated the entire oil industry. Although he had years filled with success in the business, Rockefeller faced a disastrous court case that dissolved his company and years of his hard work. Despite this catastrophic event, Rockefeller found other ways to contribute his knowledge and hard-work by making innumerable philanthropic donations. After many years and countless efforts, John D. Rockefeller had one of the most

The Public School System Of The United States - 1280 Words

The public school system in the United States was once a powerful tool for producing a well educated populous, but in recent decades this system has failed to prepare students for a continuing education. Compulsory education focuses on preparing youth to become a member of the labor force it teaches them follow orders, to conform their life experience to that of their peers and it fails to prepare students for a college education. The pressure of authority and society is first instilled in Kindergarten and only intensifies as education continues. An educational system based upon the average fails to promote individual expression and thought required by higher education. Required schooling mimics the structure of the work place in an effort to train young citizens as a labor force. This system of interconnected influence shapes the way the future generations see and interact with the world, for better or for worse. The education system make one thing very clear; students must do things they are told otherwise they will fail, or worse. This authoritative system even dictate how do arrive at a the correct answers to problems. In elementary school due to my skill level I was able to arrive at the correct answer without writing out the problem, this was wrong, I was told I had to show my work or I would receive no credit. I wondered how I would receive a worse grade than the other students who got multiple answers wrong but showed their failed reasoning. So I was forced toShow MoreRelatedLet’s just assume that the ultimate goal of United States’ absolutely vile public school system is600 Words   |  3 PagesLet’s just assume that the ultimate goal of United States’ absolutely vile public school system is not to create an army of mindless, insipid, obedient workers that specialise in the completion of mundane and menial laborious tasks to help blindly build a malevol ent dystopian corpocratic regime. But shocking and uncomfortably plausible conspiracy theories aside, let us begin by observing and acknowledging the massive flaws of the US’ public education system. There are several aspects surrounding theRead MoreEssay on A Comparison of American and Canadian Education 865 Words   |  4 Pageseducational systems very interesting. The United States educational system is has three levels however; some school districts may subdivide elementary and secondary students to create separate schools at the middle and junior high level. Once a child turns five they begin kindergarten and stay in elementary until they graduate. From there they attend junior high, grades 5 through 8. All students enter into High School for grades 9-12 and if they are successful, they graduate with a high school diplomaRead MoreUnited States Vs. Educational Systems1395 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States vs. Our Educational Systems Education is the destined formation in obtaining the development of the intellectual capacities of individuals. It can be defined as the process of socialization of individuals. Education is one of the most powerful resources to reduce inequality and poverty, it is a natural process associated with growth. On having been educated, a person assimilates and gains knowledge. Education also implies a cultural and behavioral raising awareness, where the new generationsRead MoreImmigrant Children and U.S Education1257 Words   |  6 PagesAware of the free education provided by the United States government to any school age children, immigrants both legal and illegal continue to be attracted to the United States, migrating in an attempt to provide better opportunities for their families and themselves. As the number of illegal immigrants living in the United states continues to rise and the percentage of illegal immigrant households which consist of children also continues to rise, it is important for the American government to examineRead MoreEssay on The Constitution Provides the Framework for Public Schools1064 Words   |  5 PagesThe primary purpose of the United States Constitution and its relevance as a source of law related to the management and operation of public schools is twofold. The United Constitution primary purpose is to offer a meaning of management to the institute of the three branches of the federal government. The outline summarizes the individual and joint authorities of each branch, at the same time as setting apart the privileges of each individual state. It labels the meaning of jury trials, civilRead MorePublic Schooling And Public Education1497 Words   |  6 PagesWith the many diverse characteristics of the Unites States, perhaps the most troubling is the rising gap in the distribution of wealth. As the wealth gap in the United States rises exponentially, the gap in the quality of public schooling rises with it. For a country tha t prides itself in prestigious outlets of education, the system of public schooling seems to be miserably failing. Public education, a system that some fight to destroy while others fight to preserve, is perhaps the only source ofRead MorePros and Cons of Public Education Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States prides itself on its public education system making it a core value of many families. The level of education a person has will influence their career achievements. Americans expect their public system of education to provide a solid curriculum. Most of the people in the United States place their trust in the public school system in which they support through taxes. This trust although is contradicted by the public system of education’s current shape. Much of the schools in theRead MoreEssay Will School Vouchers Improve Public Schools?1082 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussion on voucher schools directly affects our youth, the very foundation of our country. Many cities across the United States have proposed school voucher programs in an effort to improve the education of inner-city children that come from low-income families. However, with this proposition arises certain questions that cannot be avoided. Although proponents of school vouchers argue differently, challengers of the system expressly state that the taxpayer-funded voucher system infringes upon ourRead MoreEducation Is An Important Foundation For People All Around The World1525 Words   |  7 PagesEducation is very unique, education in the United States is not the same as it is in China. How can one explore their differences? Well, one can explore the importance of education, the education systems, higher education and the financial costs of education in both the United States and China. Importance of Education People all around the world attend school. Most countries have their children begin at a young age, at about five years old. According to the United States census, â€Å"In 2011, 83 million peopleRead MoreRelations Between The United States And The Europe1691 Words   |  7 PagesPeterly Jean Baptiste US- EU relations Introduction Relations between the United States and the Europe dates back as far to 1950. Back in those days the U.S dealt with the ECSC, European Coal and Steel Community. The ECSC was created in the wake of WWII, established by the Treaty of Paris, with the sole purpose of uniting Europe which had been hammered by three increasingly destructive wars. The ECSC’s objective of unity was forged through the creation of a free trade area for several key economic

Describe Your Learning Style Free Essays

Running head: How Do I Learn Best How Do I Learn Best Kelli Powell Grand Canyon University: NRS 429V September 30, 2012 What is a learning style? Well a learning style is the way a person tends to learn best. It involves your preferred method of taking in, organizing, and making sense of information, Lake Washington Institute of Technology (2012). Some people prefer to learn by doing and touching, others prefer to learn by seeing, or by hearing the information. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe Your Learning Style or any similar topic only for you Order Now Still others learn using more than one learning style. If a person was interested in finding out what their particular learning style is would be to take the VARK questionnaire for learning styles. The most common learning style is the multimodal, but the learner can switch from one type of learning style to another depending on what the subject is being learned and or their mood, Fleming (2011). After taking the VARK questionnaire, Multimodal learning styles was assessed as the learning style of choice. The multimodal learning environments allow instructional elements to be presented in more than one sensory mode (visual, aural, written, and kinesthetic), Sankey, Birch amp; Gardiner (2010). In this particular case visual and kinesthetic were the dominate methods of learning. Strategies of learning that this person uses are highlighting and underlining notes, grouping subjects together with a certain color highlighter, use of charts, graphs and images to help them learn the subject matter. They would also make graphs or note cards with the information placed in sequenced that they can take with them, listen to music while studying and try to make the material personal to them and others that they know. They would also break their study time up into smaller sections so that it would not seem so overwhelming. As a multimodal learner they would be very adaptable to the different learning styles as they could adapt more easily to different situations and learning environments. For example if their instructor was only doing a verbal lecture an auditory learner may want to sit towards the front of the room away from windows and doors so that there was less distractions. As a visual learner they would try to take notes during the lecture, would color code their notes, and pay attention to any visual aids that were being used. Where a kinesthetic learner would ask questions and participate in discussions, take a laptop for notes so that they are doing something actively with their hands during lectures, consider taking a three hour class versus one three hour class, Student Development Centre (2009). As a multimodal learner, it is easier to learn when doing more than just reading a textbook as it harder to understand than when doing something that is interactive. As a multimodal learner some adjustments that they would need to make in their study habits would be to not to try and do the assignment all at the end of the week. By starting at the beginning of the week they would be able to break the assignment down into smaller sections so that it would not seem so overwhelming when typing a paper. Other changes that they would need to make would be finding an area and time to study where there were fewer interruptions. The use of more visual aids, for example outline of topic in chart or diagram format. This would help them keep track of where things fit together in their subjects and projects. The major benefit of having a multimodal learning style is that it â€Å"allows students to experience learning in ways in which they are most comfortable, while challenging them to experience and learn in other ways as well†. Someone who is a multimodal learner, that learners on more than one level tends to have a deeper processing of the information, maintains their attention span longer, making the information easier to understand and remember. Sankey, Birch amp; Gardiner (2010). The VARK Questionnaire Results My scores were: * Visual: 11 * Aural: 6 * Read/Write: 9 * Kinesthetic: 11| | You have a multimodal (VRK) learning preference Reference Lake Washington Institute of Technology, Learning Styles: Why do They Matter? , Retrieved from http://www. lwtech. edu/trio on September 26, 2012 Sankey, M. , Birch, D. amp; Gardiner, M. (2010) Engaging students through multimodal learning environments: The journey continues. In C. H. Steel, M. J. Keppell, P. Gerbic S. Hopusego (Eds. ), Cirriculum, technology transformation for   an unknow future. Proceedings ascilite Sydney 2010 (pp. 852-863). http://ascilite. org/au/conferences/sydney10/procs/Sankey-full. pdf Student Development Centre, The University of Western Ontario (2009), Learning Skills Services, Handouts amp; Advice, Learning Styles amp; Preferences, Retrieved from www. sdc. uwo. ca/learning/index/html? styles on September 29, 2012 Fleming, N. D. , (2011), VARK: A Review of Those Who Are Multimodal, Retrieved from http://www. vark-learning. com/english/page_content/multimodality. htm on September 23, 2012 How to cite Describe Your Learning Style, Essays

Should We Legalize Marijuana (2897 words) Essay Example For Students

Should We Legalize Marijuana? (2897 words) Essay Should We Legalize Marijuana? It Is About Time Naim Jones South Suburban Community College Author Note This paper was prepared for Sociology 101, Section 002, taught by Professor Richardson. Abstract Already, we have brought back around old styles of fashion and music. Now, as more of our generation begins to enter the political world we are seeing a change in policies that have held firm for almost a century. More specifically, we are seeing a change in the attitude toward marijuana and whether or not it should be legalized. During the time of illegalization of marijuana, the drug had a vastly negative feeling associated with it, which many people now believe to be inaccurate and unfair. Now that people are more informed, more connected and more vocal, the United States government should allow and even encourage more research of the dangers and addictive nature of the drug which will assuredly legalize medical use and possibly recreational use to benefit the people and the economy greatly.This paper will discuss many topics pertaining to marijuana. It will begin by explaining the history of marijuana in this country. Then it will discuss public opinion of marijuana and reasons for that opinion. Next, it will dispel false rumors about the effects of marijuana. It will then talk about a few disadvantages of marijuana. After it will counter those disadvantages with several advantages of marijuana. Next, it will discuss Colorado and Washington States situation since legalizing marijuana recreationally. It will then inform the reader of the other states pursuing legalization of marijuana in some degree. Finally,it will conclude with Arkansass take on marijuana and efforts to get it passed medically. Cannabis is a plant that is grown in many places throughout the world. It is a fast-growing plant that requires only eight to twelve weeks to mature. It chokes out most other plants grown around it and has a resistant to all but eight out of one hundred known pests. Cannabis is grown for two main reasons; for industrial hemp and for marijuana. Industrial hemp includes the seeds, stems, roots and all other parts of Cannabis except for the dried leaves. It h as over 50,000 different product applications including: paper, textiles, biodegradable plastics, construction, health food, and fuel. Marijuana is the dried leavesof Cannabis that contains high-levels of THC and can be used for many medical issues. THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), is the chemical in marijuana that is also produced naturally within the human brain and controls the influence of pleasure, memory, thinking, concentration, sensory and time perception, and coordinated movement. With such a lengthy list of versatile uses comes many questions all stemming from the bigger question, What can marijuana do for us?.The answer will become evident by responding to the following questions: What is the history of marijuana in America? How does the American public view marijuana? What are the cons of using marijuana? Are there benefits from using marijuana? What has happened to states that have already legalized pot? Throughout time the U.S. government has put many sanctions and ignorant beliefs about marijuanainto themainstream view of theAmerican public.Times have changed and problems need solving, the legalization of marijuana is the answer to more than just a few of Americas problems. What is the history of marijuana in America? As early as the 1600s hemp has existed in America. Back then, colonial farmers were forced to grow hemp to send back to England to be used in rope, sails, and clothing. It was not until the late nineteenth century that marijuana became popular for its medicinal uses. After the Mexican Revolution of 1910 the United States started to get its first flood of Hispanic immigrants. These immigrants introduced the possibility of using marijuana recreationally. Smoking marijuana really began to take off in the years leading up to the Great Depression. Due to this unfortunate timing, and the connection to Hispanicimmigrantsmarijuana caught a lot of blame for the increased unemployment and violence in America. By 1931 twenty-nine states had made marijuana illegal and that only increased until America entered World War II in the 1941. Following the start of the war the Department of Agricultural encouraged farmers to grow hemp to help make parachutes and other military equipment. During that time 375,000 acres of hemp was being farmed annually. However, after the war ended stark opposition of marijuana returned and within seven years the Boggs Act of 1952 was passed setting mandatory prison sentences for any drug-related offenses, including marijuana offenses. In 1970 Congress and the Nixon administration reduced the sentences for drug-related offenses butalso began a system of scheduling drugs based on their danger and usefulness. Marijuana became a Schedule I drug, meaning it is a dangerous substance that has no recognized medical use and that has a high potential for abuse (Eaves). Schedule I drugs are prohibited from being tested which has hampered any ability of solidifying proof of marijuanas advantages. In addition to marijuana being classified as a Schedule I drug: cocaine and methamphetamine are Schedule II drugs; Tylenol and steroids are Schedule III drugs; Xanax is a Schedule IV drug; and Robitussin is a Schedule V drug (Drug Scheduling). Each higher schedule means it has more medical uses and isless addictive. In discussing the safety of marijuana at the Pennsylvania state Senate hearing over a bill to legalize marijuana for medical purposes Mike Fraser, Ph.D., testified, The group does not recommend the use of medical mariju ana citing a need for further research to demonstrate it is safe and effective in patient care. He believes, the federal government downgrade marijuanas status as a Schedule I drug to facilitate research (Iorfino). Greek in BCE Essay Legalized marijuana would also cut back on prisoners who suck up tax payer money. America has over 2.3 million people behind bars 25% of the worlds prisoners. Before marijuana was made illegal, the incarceration rate in America was 110 people for every 100,000 citizens in the population. Beginning when marijuana became illegal and the war on drugs began, that rate quickly skyrocketed and now America incarcerates 751 people for every 100,000 citizens in the population (Marijuana Prison Statistics). Nearly one-third of all criminal offenses are non-violent drug offences with the only victims being the perpetrators. If marijuana is legalized it would cut the amount that states would spend on enforcement each year by $6-$8 billion and cut another $1-$2 billion in prison costs (Marijuana Policy Project). What Has Happened to the States That Have Legalized Marijuana? As mentioned before, on Jan. 1 Colorado became the first state to legalize the sale of marijuana for recreational use. The implementation of the new law was met with large eager crowds and long lines. The turnout was considered a huge success much better than expected. Projections have the state making $98 million dollars in tax revenue in 2014. Governor Hickenlooper has proposed a bill that gives the first indication of how the tax money will be used. His bill, that has made it past the State House, proposes putting the money toward six priorities with a majority of the money going to youth programs, including: $45.5 million for youth use prevention, $40.4 millionfor substance abuse treatment, and $12.4 million for public health (Colorado Governor Reveals Plan to Spend Marijuana Tax Revenue). Washington State will soon be the second state to allow legalized pot going on sale for recreational use this summer. They are not expected to have as large a turnout as Colorado and are expected to only bring in $180 million in four years but they are finding themselves in the same debate as Colorado; spend or save? This is the best debate states could face in an economy like todays and Washington State sure is not sad that they are having it.The graph (Above) shows the predicted outcome of GSP for both Colorado and Washington State after passing recreational marijuana legislation. IHS economist Steven Frable wrote that Based on our forecast, the state and local government sectors share of gross state product (GSP) will grow by 5.0% in 2017 in Washington , and 1.7% in Colorado (Wile). This jump in in predicted GSP will help Washington State tremendously because they currently have a twenty percent deficit whereas Colorado only has a two percent deficit (Wile). Although Colorado and Washington State are the only two states to have legalized marijuana recreationally many states have legalized it medically. Currently twenty-one states and Washington D.C. have legalized medical marijuana. These include historically democratic states like: California, Hawaii, and Vermont; as well as historically republican states like: Arizona and Montana. In addition to those states that have already legalized medical marijuana, several others have bills pending to try to pass marijuana. Some of those states include: New York (as mentioned before), Ohio, and one southern state being Mississippi. One thing the image shown above leaves out is the states that have medical marijuana initiatives on the ballet like the southern states of Florida and Arkansas.Some states are wanting to follow suit with Colorado and Washington Stateas well. In 2014 Oregon, California, and Hawaii are set to vote on legalizing recreational marijuana. By the 2016 presidential election a nother five states are projected to vote on recreational marijuana as well. In Arkansas voters struck down an initiative in 2012 to be the first southern state to legalize marijuana medically. The state split almost down the middle with 51.4 percent voting not to legalize medical marijuana and 48.6 percent to legalize medical marijuana. Since that vote many citizens have asked current Arkansas politicians to sponsor a bill to legalize marijuana medically. Although a few reportedly said they would sponsor a bill they said they doubted it would get past the Republican-state congress and recommended that the only way to get medical marijuana passed is through another initiative in 2014. Now citizens have nearly enough signatures to put two competing medical marijuana bills on the ballet in November.Currently there are two leading candidates in Arkansas that are for the Governor office in the 2014 election. Both Mike Ross and Asa Hutchinson are against legalizing medical marijuana. Democrat Mike Rosss reason for being against the issue is because it is contrary to what our national government laws decree. Republican Asa Hutchinson, former head of the federal Drug Enforcement Administration, has a history of vehemently going after marijuana abusers and sending them to prison. He believes, the concept of smoking marijuana as medicine has been proved by the medical community (Asa Hutchinson, Republican Gubernatorial Candidate, Talks about Growing Arkansas Economy). Neither of these politicians would help the citizens in their pursuit of a medical marijuana bill in Arkansas. In conclusion, marijuana was wrongfully made illegal many years ago and has remained illegal for almost a century. With some changes in law and reduction of classification, marijuana couldbecome a game-changer and life-saver medically; help create and save billions in tax dollars; and help keep millions of innocent, non-violent citizens out of prison. Historically, America has flirted with several political ideas, but after the new laws in Colorado and Washington State, and the possibility of having medical marijuana legalized in Arkansas it is safe to say we are on a full-fledged date with Mary Jane. Works Cited

Polish-Americans free essay sample

Discrimination and Ethnic Groups: Polish-Americans Understanding Polish Immigration Poland’s unique past is littered with oppression, servitude, and foreign rule over and over again. The land was fought over by many countries during the 1800’s and subsequently was annexed and divided. The primary conquerors included Russia, Austria, Prussia, and later Germany. (Buffalo Department of Education,). There were many smaller country’s nationals who descended upon Poland and mixed with the nationals, seizing land and jobs.This included The Ukraine, Lithuania, Belorussia, Latvia, not to mention Jews, Tartars, and small groups of gypsies. At the end of the 18th century Poland basically no longer existed as the rival surrounding countries split this land and claimed it as a part of their domain. Finally in 1918 Poland achieved independence and re-emerged as a country under Communist rule (Jones, n. d. ). These events led the Eastern Europeans to view the Poles as low-class, bohemian, even non-whites, who were beneath them in education, social status, and economics. We will write a custom essay sample on Polish-Americans or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is understandable that this sentiment stigmatized the immigrating Poles as they arrived on America’s shores, seeking political democracy, good jobs, and a piece a land. Expecting a better life they often faced prejudice and problems in America. Assimilation According to (),â€Å"Many of their neighbors viewed Poles as rowdy, disorganized, ignorant, filthy, and prone to drunkenness and sloth. Polish immigrants were subjected to spitting, name-calling, physical violence and the other abuses† (Jones, n. d. , para. 15). Despite these setbacks, Polish patriots had an easier time assimilating than other non-European groups, such as Asians.This assimilation was only surface due to their strong cultural, ethnic, and religious ties to Poland isolating them from mainstream America. Often the brunt of ethnic jokes, this practice has only died down in the entertainment arena since the late 1980’s. America was predominantly Protestant and the strongly Catholic Poles were looked down upon and church construction blocked. Faced with these issues the self-reliant Polish-Americans created small, self-supporting ethnic communities (Polonia) remaining isolated from the rest of the local community (Znaniecka, 1994).According to Jones, â€Å"It has been at times a country within a country, Poland in the new world† (Znaniecka, 1994, para. 3). Dual Labor Market / Industrial Discrimination Hoping to find jobs in agriculture and woodworking and a small piece of land to farm was not a reality for hard working Poles. Instead, shunned by Americans and Eastern Europeans they were sent to larger developed areas and offered laborious jobs working in mills, refineries, industrial plants, and the garment industry. They were strong and hard working and were often given the hardest tasks; working is extreme heat of factories or damp, bleak conditions in underground mines for 10-hour days, six or seven days a week. The Poles, with a strong history of agriculture, farming, and woodworking experience, somehow managed to adapt to these unsatisfactory conditions. The were ridiculed for their broken English and further segregated from native-born Americans ( ). Redlining Shopkeepers would often overcharge the Poles for goods and services, or supply them with inferior products.It was a common practice for employers to withhold wages. Newcomers were often paid less than they deserved. Landlord rentals were often unclean and uncomfortable. This simply strengthened the growing Polish communities (Polonia) that funded and constructed banks, churches, schools, retail stores and shops, all owned and operated by fellow Polish-Americans ( ). Glass Ceilings, Walls, and Escalators Polish-Americans were discriminated against on the workforce. There was never a chance for upward mobility and career advancement. Poles were viewed as strong workhorses without many brains.Eastern Europeans and native-born Americans were granted the better lateral jobs and there was no inside secret or fraternization that could help a Polish-American obtain a raise or a better company position quickly (Lutenski, 1994). Reverse Discrimination Poles assimilated easily and became â€Å"more-white† (J. Giordano, Personal communication, April 30, 2011) once they became naturalized. They slowly shed the stigma of being non-white by shunning blacks so they could emphasize the difference. They felt this would add assurance to the native-born Americans of how white they really were.They even enacted strict segregation for black housing to minimize any association. Even the poorest Polish-Americans thanked God they were not black. Job competition also clouded the Poles reason and tolerance (Lutenski, 1994 ). Sadly, a normally rational immigrant group forced the same isolation they had fought against onto another minority group. Affirmative Action Poles cried reverse discrimination when they were denied any rights under Affirmative Action. They cried ethnic discrimination for all the long years that they withstood discrimination. Ironically, now that the U.S. government accepted them as fully assimilated as the majority class of white Americans, they felt ignored (Lutenski, 1994). Polish-Americans Today I am an American first and foremost and a third generation Polish-American. I grew up in an ethnically diverse community with a strong sense of family, church, patriotism, and allegiance to the United States. My mother grew up in Brooklyn in a predominantly Polish neighborhood and even attended the Polish National Catholic Church. I am proud of my heritage and my family’s personal stories of courage, faith, and endurance.I continue to observe several religious holiday customs and have passed them down to my children, grandchildren, and now my great-grandchildren. There are still large pockets of Polish-American communities across the U. S. today. The fourth and fifth generation Poles are more Americanized but still have a deep respect and connection to their ancestral roots, customs, and beliefs. More young single Poles immigrate to the U. S. hoping for better career opportunities. Poland today is a free republic, no longer a Communist state. The economy is stable and there has been no recent political unrest.The new generation is more tolerant with respect for all races and ethnicities. The first non-Italian, Catholic pope was the pride of Poles and is one step away from sainthood since his beatification today. Polish Americans are proud, patriotic, and respectful. They participate in government, finance, education, business, aviation, the arts, and the medical field. There are no longer the prejudices or injustices of yesteryear. The glass ceilings and walls are gone and they have taken their rightful place on the glass escalator. May they lead the way for others who are still oppressed and repressed.

Spanish Road Signs †Spanish for Drivers

Spanish Road Signs - Spanish for Drivers Try driving in a Spanish-speaking country, and you probably wont have too much difficulty with the signs - many of the essential signs use pictures or symbols that are recognized internationally, speed limits are expressed in numbers that you already know, and destination signs probably dont need translation. Even so, and especially once youre off the major highways, you may come across signs where the following list can help. The following list indicates some of the words commonly used on signs. Keep in mind that in some regions you may see different words used than those listed here. bus stop - paradacrossing - crucecurve - curvadanger - peligrodead end - sin salidadetour - desvà ­o, desviacià ³ndowntown, city center - centroexit - salidalane - carrilno entry - entrada prohibidano passing - adelantamiento prohibidoone-way - de sentido à ºnico, sentido obligatorioparking - estacionamiento, aparcamiento (Verb forms are estacionar, aparcar and paquear, depending on the region. Parking is sometimes symbolized by a capital E or capital P, depending on the region.)pedestrians - peatonespolice - policà ­aprohibited - prohibido, prohibidaroad closed - camino cerradoslow - despaciospeed bump - topestop - alto, pare or stop, depending on the regionspeed limit - velocidad mxima (typically indicated in kilometers per hour, often abbreviated km/h)toll - peaje, cobroviewpoint - vista de interà ©syield - ceda, ceda el paso

Artemis Temple Essay Example for Free

Artemis Temple Essay She presided over the transition of a woman from virgin (parthenos) to married woman (gyne) and protected the virginity of those who were unmarried or wished to remain virgins (2). Artemis also oversaw marriage, childbirth and assisted with child-rearing (3). Virginity was especially emphasized in the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus: only virgins and men were allowed access and married or sexually active women were excluded under penalty of death. Artemis is commonly regarded as a fertility goddess, mostly because of the multitude of ‘breasts’ that cover her cult image (4). This essay will discuss three aspects of the Ancient Temple of Artemis, the style, the restoration of its architecture and its importance. The temple of Artemis was built around 550 BC and was the first temple to be entirely of marble and the largest temple ever built. The temple was financed by the wealthy king of Lydia and was designed by the Greek architect Chersiphron. Marshy ground was selected for the building site as a precaution against future earthquakes. The foundation was laid on a bed of packed charcoal and sheepskins, the column drums and architraves moved from the quarry, relates Vitruvius, by fitting them with large wheels and then, like rolling axles, having them pulled by oxen (5). It resembles the classical Greek temple: a stoic rectangular structure with mighty columns (6). The temple measured 350 by 180 feet and from the outside, its most striking feature was its more than 100 marble columns. Since it was built in the Ionic architectural style, the columns were decorated with sculptural reliefs at their bases and rosettes in their capitals (7). There were two rows of columns stretched across the front of the temple, standing about 21 feet apart and extending from the front to the back of the temple at 17 feet apart. The door in the pediment — along with two windows — was intended for Artemis’ own use (8). Inside the temple was the statue of Artemis herself, which was built from gold, silver, ebony and other stones. The temple brought in merchants, kings, and sightseers, many of donated jewellery and other treasures to Artemis and her temple. Its splendor also attracted many worshipers and pilgrims, strengthening the cult of Artemis (9). Since she was an influential figure, her fame went higher as soon as her temple was built. The Temple of Artemis was a very famous and attracted visitor from far and near. Its purpose was both a religious institution and market place. The market place itself had small models of the temple and its goddess Artemis for the fellow tourists as souvenirs to take with them. The columns at the front were decorated with intricate sculptures. It was built to honor Artemis as inside the temple was an inner room called the sanctuary that housed  a magnificent statue of the goddess. The temple was destroyed and rebuilt several times, each time it was built more impressively than the time before it. The first time it was destroyed was on the night of July 21, 356 BC, a man named Herostratus set fire to the temple in an attempt to immortalize his name (10). It caused the roof to cave in, the columns collapsed, and the statue of the goddess crashed to the ground. After the town created a law stating whoever mentioned his name would be put to death immediately. In the following two decades the temple was restored with the help of Alexander the Great. But then again in 262 AD, the temple was destroyed by the Goths and later swamped by floods, but still the residents of Ephesus vowed to rebuild it (11). However this time it was not rebuilt due to the high construction costs. A little later the temple began to lose its importance and many people were switching to Christianity and the town was completely isolated. There were attempts made to reconstruct the temple, but so far only a couple columns have been erected upon the remaining foundation. Artemis Temple. (2018, Oct 30).

Essay for admission to college Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

For admission to college - Essay Example As a student, I feel that I learn best when I test the theories that I have studied through textbooks. – BU attracts students from more countries than are represented in the United Nations. Our global presence and reputation are important and are reflected in the perspectives, opinions, and experiences of our students. Why is this type of environment important to you? (500 words, 5000 characters) o As an international student, I have decided to study abroad to broaden my view and understanding of the world. Since I have experienced education systems in Korea, as well as United States, I am clearly aware of the differences between them. In Korea, students are forced to study while competing with their fellow students. After school, every single student is forced to attend afternoon study sessions until 12:00 am. This ruthless and yet systematic approach of education mechanizes students and teaches them only how to study, rather than coupling education with the knowledge of how to live like a good citizen in the society. All they learn in the school is how to become an efficient â€Å"student†. Due to this reason, they forget how to think creatively and react quickly to rapidly changing situations. As one of these students, I realized that learning under this environment would shrink my view and keep me away from being myself. Boston University’s norm of attracti ng students from different ethnical and racial backgrounds will surely set up a satisfactory learning environment that will guide me throughout my college career. A variety of arguments and opinions will help me understand different perspectives and contribute in my growth. o Undoubtedly, New York University is a prestigious university that focuses on the needs of its students and attempts to elevate their learning curve through careful nurture, education and providing

Health Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Assessment - Essay Example I then continue to shower, and then enjoy a sumptuous breakfast. I take three slices of bread, an egg, and a small portion of greens with tea for three days in a week. I eat two sausages, cake with tea for two days, and feed on porridge for the other two days. I rarely snack before, or after lunch and dinner. However, I consume a lot of water before the day ends. I love eating chips, and chicken. More to this, I also enjoy rice with plenty of greens, as well as beans. I rarely take red meat, but ensure that I feed on pork every Sunday. More to this, I eat fruits on rare occasions. Given the benefits of a healthy lifestyle, I ought to minimize the time that I spend indoors. Watching the television for long hours affects my life negatively, by reducing it by twenty-two minutes for every hour watched (Jaminet and Jaminet, 375). I should develop an active social life. I should engage myself with my friends during the weekends. We can go swimming together, or even visit the movies. Such activities can help me deal with the stress at home, as I get to concentrate on productive activities, instead of focusing on the problems between my parents. Fruits increase body immunity. Consequently, I ought to ensure daily intake of fruits as this improves health potentials. I will also diversify the varieties of fruits to ensure that I gain multiple nutrients and vitamins, for a healthier life. Following the intake of large portions of food in one serving, I purpose to stop the habit as I have learnt from this course that it is an unhealthy habit. Consequently, I plan on take smaller portions of food, at regular intervals, instead of waiting for long hours to feast on plenty of food. The combination of chips and chicken on a regular basis does not lead to a healthy life, due to the concentration of fats and calories in the food. Therefore, I am opting for healthier foods to boost my health. Conclusively, being healthy promotes one’s self esteem. It

My Feeling as a Filipino Essay Example for Free

My Feeling as a Filipino Essay I am very proud to be a Filipino! From the centuries that passed, a lot of nations have admired the Filipino people, for being industrious, brave, talented, resourceful, these are only a few of the traits that a lot of other people and nations admired the Filipinos for. But although we have been complimented in many fields, none of us or only a handful of us are well known for it. We as a people never stop and think â€Å"what can I do for this country†. There have been notable personalities that have done this but a lot of us have always taken it for granted. One other notable Filipino trait is ingenuity; we have had a lot of inventors that have blossomed in the Philippines, one such inventor that is well known around the world is Agapito Flores, the inventor of the fluorescent light. This invention, should it have been recognized by the government would have been one of the best ways that we could have paid our national debt and would have increased the status of the Philippines as a nation, if it was manufactured here in the Philippines, but the government took it for granted. Another field that we really should have exceeded in is agriculture. A lot of the Asian countries have learned their agricultural knowledge from the Philippines, yet we keep importing these goods from them, one such country is Thailand; they are very proud to say that they learned their agricultural knowledge from the Philippines, one notable goods is the Thai Rice, that specific breed of rice was made in the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in Los Banos, Laguna, yet we are the one importing that specific rice crop from that country to ours. So my question is †¦ Why is it that our government seems to be a reactive kind of government and not a proactive one? Why is it that the Filipino, as a people, seems to practice, what I call the â€Å"I† syndrome? Why is it that we put ourselves on top of everything else rather than a part of a nation? Why is it that other nations and or people recognize what we have and we don’t? Why is it that we turn a blind eye to the problems of our society? Why is it that we are so caught up with what â€Å"I† want and what â€Å"I† need that we fail to see what’s really happening to us as a nation? I AM PROUD TO BE A FILIPINO and I still believe that we can make it as a nation, but I’m afraid that if we don’t change our outlook of ourselves as a people, we will succeed as an individual but fail miserably as a nation.

Utility of Service :: essays research papers

Utility of Service Property and casualty insurance, more specifically auto insurance, is an intangible product and is a service purchased by consumers that they hope they never have to use. This is contrary to most any other good or service. You would not buy a car to never use or go to a doctor and pay for treatment you do not expect to receive. The consumer pays for a promise that they hope to never collect on. As a result the service is viewed rather negatively by the pubic and becomes an item that must be purchased out of fear of loss and by order of state statutes. Consumers have several needs that drive the purchase of auto insurance policies. The first requirements being state statutes that mandate certain coverage before registering and tagging a vehicle, maintaining a valid drivers license, and satisfying the demands of financing companies for purchased automobiles. The second reason for obtaining auto insurance policies is to protect the current assets and potential future earnings from loss. These loses may occur from damage resulting from acts of nature, collisions or from liability claims award to injured third parties. The purchase of insurance protects the consumer from financial losses up to the limits of the policy. This provides peace of mind for the consumer and for financing companies by ensuring that monies are available to cover losses so the life and economic status of the purchaser is not impacted. Comparative or Substitute services Insurance is insurance. There is not a substitute unless that is a well-padded bank account. Realistically that is not even a substitute as losing $100,000 of an individuals hard earned dollars to one claim is far more impactive than that same person having paid premiums of $1000 per year for ten years before making that claim. The insurance company would then pay on that person’s behalf, therefore resulting in an overall outlay of $10,000 from the consumer that is far more palatable by any account. Price Elasticity The insurance industry is generally price elastic in the state of Florida. This is due to the regulations requiring drivers to carry at least two types of coverage. This requirement changes to three forms if the driver is involved in an accident causing injury to another party. The price may change for the product due to the individuals driving or claims history or the rating structure from company to company.

Obama Care The Federal Legacy Health And Social Care Essay

The historical development of province wellness attention policies and their development to establishments of the present twenty-four hours has created an environment where the support of province wellness attention and its reform has been a focal point of citizens and governmental entities likewise. Recent province policy research and media focus frequently list the immense cost loads that states face to handle many of their uninsured citizens including the indigent and low-income persons, peculiarly those with important chronic medical conditions and viz. dialysis patients. Safety Net, or â€Å" Disproportionate Share, † Hospitals ( 1980s to 2009 ) Before 1981, Medicaid paid infirmaries with unreimbursed attention based on â€Å" sensible costs. † The disproportionately high costs of infirmary attention[ 1 ]caused Congress to acknowledge Disproportionate Share Hospitals ( DSH ) in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act ( OBRA ) of 1981. DSHs are defined as those that serve preponderantly low-income patients, and as such, are public infirmaries that are entitled to federal aid. These DSH, or â€Å" Safety Internet † infirmaries, supply a broad assortment of attention. In 1987, the so Health Care Financing Administration[ 2 ]( HFCA ) released a survey that reviewed province DSH plans. As a consequence, Congress required provinces make payments to acknowledge DSH public infirmaries. In 1990, province discretion was increased in footings of their DSH plan designs. Different classs were allowed, but this increased DSH disbursement. By 1992, DSH disbursement cost $ 17.4 billion. As a consequence, Congress passed the Medicaid Voluntary Contribution and Provider-Specific Tax Amendments Act of 1991 to restrict funding of the non-federal portion and limited national sum DSH disbursement to 12 % of entire Medicaid disbursement. Further efforts to restrict DSH disbursement occurred in 1993, in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, which reduced Medicare DSH payments by 8.6 % , and in the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003. In 2003, the Medicaid DSH Program funded 23 % of unreimbursed attention in the United States[ 3 ]. Projections indicate that $ 11.3 billion of the jutting $ 216 billion the federal authorities will pass on Medicaid in financial twelvemonth ( FY ) 2009 will be for DSH payments. This includes financess from ObamaCare ( Pete rs, Christie Provost, 2009 ) .Recent Attempts at Health Care ReformIn 1994, President Clinton attempted to go through the American Health Security Act without success. Harmonizing to one article, Business and insurance groups by and large opposed the reform bundle, while labour and the AARP supported Clinton ‘s measure. However, Clinton ‘s program was so comprehensive and complicated in the ways it might impact the dynamic wellness attention industry that some organisations changed sides during the legislative conflict and others splintered into opposing cabals ( Lowery, et al. , 2005 ) . In 1997, the Children ‘s Health Insurance Act ( CHIP ) plan was enacted. This plan provides insurance coverage for kids of low- to moderate-income places without private insurance. The plan is provided at both the federal and province ( SCHIP ) degrees as province legislative assemblies addressed wellness issues during the same clip. The legislative docket included prescription drug coverage, ordinance of managed attention, and cosmopolitan coverage, with different results than at the national degree ( IBID ) . The 50 provinces passed over 900 different Torahs modulating managed attention, between 1995 and 2001 as reported by the NCSL[ 4 ]. Health attention comprises a big part of province budgets ; multiple groups anteroom for Medicaid, SCHIP, public employees ‘ wellness insurance, and other wellness attention support. In 2003, President Bush expanded Medicare to include prescription drug coverage[ 5 ]. Massachusetts Health Care Reform In 2006, Massachusetts enacted wellness attention reforms, which were frequently touted by advocates of ObamaCare. The Massachusetts â€Å" carrot and stick † attack of single authorizations, coupled with a province tally insurance â€Å" exchange, † enables the uninsured to buy portable insurance at regulated/affordable rates. As of 2010, 97 % of Massachusetts occupants have wellness insurance ( see Appendix 6: Percentage of Massachusetts Residents without Health Insurance ) , with greater Numberss of employers offering wellness insurance than the national norm[ 6 ]. â€Å" MassHealth, † is the agencies by which the province provides comprehensive medical coverage, with eligibility standards for up to 300 % of the federal poorness degree ( FPL )[ 7 ]for low-income occupants and persons with disablements. Harmonizing to the Governor ‘s FY2011 budget, $ 9.84 billion is included for MassHealth Medicaid plans, an addition of 6.5 % from FY2010 ( see Appendix 7: MassHealth Average Enrollment ) . For those occupants who can non afford wellness insurance, Commonwealth Care provides wellness insurance for persons up to 300 % of the FPL with a full subsidy for those under 100 % of the FPL through a â€Å" to the full capitated insurance theoretical account[ 8 ]â€Å" . As of FY2010, over 150,000 occupants were enrolled, with a FY2011 budget of $ 838 million that includes a jutting 20,000 member enrollment addition. MassCare includes a $ 40 million Commonwealth Care Bridge for legal immigrants populating in the United States under five old ages. Massachusetts ‘ reform attempts ( Massachusetts Act, Chapter 58 of the Acts of 2006 ) have been both a success and a failure. Evidence of success reveal that in 2008, 96 % of occupants were estimated to hold wellness insurance. There were additions in insurance coverage reported across every population and conformity with the single authorization is high, with about 1 % of grownups assessed a punishment for disobedience ( Long, 2010 ) . Evidence of failure indicates the undermentioned ( Samuelson, 2010 ) : the province subsidizes insurance for people with incomes up to 300 % the federal poorness line ( FPL ) ; the easy portion – spread outing state-subsidized insurance coverage – succeeded ; the difficult portion – controlling costs and guaranting that passing improves people ‘s wellness – failed. Emergency suites are still as crowded, and that take place wage is being squeezed because of the coverage costs. Additionally, costs have shifted aut horities precedences from public safety, instruction, substructure, and lower revenue enhancements to wellness attention as the province budget went from 22 % for wellness attention to 35 % , of which 90 % of that is Medicaid. MassCare besides provides a Health Care Finance and Policy Division Health Safety Net ( HSN ) , once known as the Uncompensated Care Pool. HSN reimburses infirmaries and other Safety Net medical suppliers for low-income patients who are uninsured or underinsured. The payments for Safety Net suppliers decreased from 2007 to 2009 ( Appendix 8: Health Safety Net Payments Compared to Hospital Payments ) due to expanded wellness insurance coverage for occupants[ 9 ]. This lessening in Safety Net reimbursements may be a positive index for cost recovery at UMC. As patients obtain insurance, UMC may be able to better measure the insurance suppliers for attention provided, but it is excessively shortly to state if this will be a factor as patients may choose to pay the punishment of being uninsured instead than pay the higher premiums for wellness insurance. Round 2 of Massachusetts ‘ Health Reform attempted to turn to cost containment, but cost nest eggs obtained by Massachusetts ‘ wellness attention reform are overshadowed by growing in wellness attention outgos ( see Appendix 9: Growth in Health Spending in MA Expected to Surpass Other Economic Indicators Index of Health Expenditures Per Capita and Other Indexs in MA, 1991-2020 ) . Cost containment attempts outpace the province ‘s attempts to fit grosss to outgos. Harmonizing to the Governor ‘s FY2011 budget, â€Å" Experts believe that about 30 % of today ‘s wellness attention disbursement produces no benefit to patientsaˆÂ ¦we pass a significant sum of money per twelvemonth on preventable and unneeded exigency room visits, hospitalizations and readmissions, while the United States has the doubtful differentiation of taking the universe in duplicative medical trials[ 10 ]â€Å" and that farther payment reform is needed to incorporate these costs.

Reliance Fresh

â€Å"A STUDY ON THE PROCESSES AND CHALLENGES INVOLVED IN RECRUITMENT FOR RETAIL INDUSTRY WITH RESPECT TO RELIANCE FRESH, BANGALORE† (Project Report Submitted in Partial fulfilment of the requirements of two year Post Graduate diploma in Business Administration) By Saumya Sinha (Registration no. 2K11058) Under the Guidance of Prof. Philcy Philip Mount Carmel Institute Of Management Bangalore, 560052 2011-2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere thanks to Sr. Juanita, Director and Mr.Michael Noronha, Dean of Management studies, Mount Carmel Institute of Management, for giving me an opportunity to do this project. I am immensely thankful to my project guide Prof. Philcy Philip, for her guidance towards the successful completion of the project. I would like to thanks Mr. Jatindra Kumar Mishra, Vice President-HR Reliance Retail Ltd. for giving me an opportunity to do a project in Reliance Retail Ltd. Bangalore. I would also extend my sincere thanks to Mr. Prabir Ku . Jena (HR Manager) and Mr Nagendra Kumar (HR Manager) of RELIANCE RETAIL for their valuable suggestions and support throughout the project.I would also extend my gratitude to Mr. Solomon Jayakumar, who has helped me in this project. I wish to thank the Management and staff of Reliance who have extended their co-operation in providing me all the information required for preparing this project. Finally, I am thankful to my Family and Friends for having helped me in various ways in successful completion of this project work. Saumya Sinha Mount Carmel Institute of Management BangaloreGuide Certificate Certified that the dissertation is based on an Original Project Study conducted by Miss. Saumya Sinha under my guidance. This project report has not formed a basis for the award of any other Degree/Diploma of the Institute or any other University. Director Signature Guide Signature (Sr. Juanita) (Prof. Philcy Philip) DeclarationI, Saumya Sinha solemnly declare that this Project report on â€Å"A Study on the processes and challenges involved in recruitment for retail industry with respect to Reliance Fresh, Bangalore† has been compiled by me and has not been copied from any student researcher/employee in any university/institution/ organization or any other place of distance learning under my knowledge. I have duly acknowledged the sources of primary data wherever they have been used in the project. Saumya Sinha PGDBA Mount Carmel Institute Of Management, Bangalore CONTENTS SR. NO. | Topics covered| Page no. |Chapter 1:| Introduction & Theoretical Background of the Topic| 11-20| Chapter 2:| Research Design| 21-24| Chapter 3: | Company Profile| 25-33| Chapter 4: | Collection of Data, Analysis and Evaluation| 34-74| Chapter 5:| Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Suggestions| 75-82| | Bibliography| 83| | Annexure| 84-87| LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO. | TOPICS COVERED| PAGE NO. | 1. | Method adopted by Reliance to source candidates| 35| 2. | Type of recruitment pref erred in Reliance| 37| 3. | Tests used during the process of recruitment| 39| 4. | Factors which influence the recruitment process in Reliance| 41| 5. Technological support for the process of recruitment| 43| 6. | Time taken by HR managers to fill the gap at store level| 45| 7. | Back out percentage of candidates after being offered| 47| 8. | Biggest challenge faced by the organization in the process of recruitment| 49| 9. | Most important reason for attrition| 51| 10. | Solution for attrition in the organization| 53| 11. | Working duration of CSA’s in the organization| 55| 12. | Information about the vacancy in the organization| 57| 13. | Time spent by CSA’s for the process of recruitment| 59| 14. Problems faced by CSA’s during the process of recruitment| 61| 15. | Satisfaction level of CSA’s with the recruitment Process| 63| 16. | Working duration of Ex-CSA’s in the organization| 65| 17. | Main reason behind leaving the organization| 67| 18. | Aw areness of job profile at the time of joining| 69| 19. | Work environment is good or not| 71| 20. | Willingness to rejoin the organization| 73| LIST OF CHARTS SR. No. | TOPICS COVERED| PAGE NO. | 1. | Method adopted by Reliance to source candidates| 36| 2. | Type of recruitment preferred in Reliance| 38| 3| Tests used during the process of recruitment| 40| . | Factors which influence the recruitment process in Reliance| 42| 5. | Technological support for the process of recruitment| 44| 6. | Time taken by HR managers to fill the gap at store level| 46| 7. | Back out percentage of candidates after being offered| 48| 8. | Biggest challenge faced by the organization in the process of recruitment| 50| 9. | Most important reason for attrition| 52| 10. | Solution for attrition in the organization| 54| 11. | Working duration of CSA’s in the organization| 56| 12. | Information about the vacancy in the organization| 58| 13. Time spent by CSA’s for the process of recruitment| 60| 14. | Problems faced by CSA’s during the process of recruitment| 62| 15. | Satisfaction level of CSA’s with the recruitment Process| 64| 16. | Working duration of Ex-CSA’s in the organization| 66| 17. | Main reason behind leaving the organization| 68| 18. | Awareness of job profile at the time of joining| 70| 19. | Work environment is good or not| 72| 20. | Willingness to rejoin the organization| 74| CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Human Resource management is a function that helps managers recruit, select, train and develop members for an organization. Recruitment is an important part of an organization's human resource planning and their competitive strength. Competent human resources at the right positions in the organization are a vital resource and can be a core competency or a strategic advantage for it. The objective of the  recruitment  process is to obtain the number and quality of employees that can be selected in order to help the or ganization to achieve its goals and objectives. With the same objective, recruitment  helps to create a pool of prospective employees for the organization so that the management can select the right candidate for the right job from this pool.Recruitment  acts as a link between the employers and the job seekers and ensures the placement of right candidate at the right place at the right time. In this competitive global world and increasing flexibility in the labour market,  recruitment  is becoming more and more important in every business. Therefore,  recruitment  serves as the first step in fulfilling the needs of organizations for a competitive, motivated and flexible human resource that can help achieve its objectives. PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE OF RECRUITMENT * Attract and encourage more and more candidates to apply in the organisation. Create a talent pool of candidates to enable the selection of best candidates for the organisation. * Determine present and future requi rements of the organization in conjunction with its personnel planning and job analysis activities. * Recruitment is the process which links the employers with the employees. * Increase the pool of job candidates at minimum cost * Help increase the success rate of selection process by decreasing number of visibly under qualified or overqualified job applicants. * Help reduce the probability that job applicants once recruited and selected will leave the organization only after a short period of time. Meet the organizations legal and social obligations regarding the composition of its workforce. * Increase the pool of job candidates at minimum cost. * Begin identifying and preparing potential job applicants who will be appropriate candidates. * Increase organizational and individual effectiveness in short term and long term. * Meet the organizations legal and social obligations regarding the compositions of its workforce. | SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT Every organisation has the option of c hoosing the candidates for its recruitment processes from two kinds of sources: internal and external sources.The sources within the organisation itself (like transfer of employees from one department to other, promotions) to fill a position are known as the internal sources of recruitment. Recruitment candidates from all the other sources (like outsourcing agencies etc. ) are known as the external sources of recruitment. | | | SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT INTERNAL SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT1. TRANSFERS The employees are transferred from one department to another according to their efficiency and experience. 2. PROMOTIONSThe employees are promoted from one department to another with more benefits and greater responsibility based on efficiency and experience. 3. Others are  upgrading and demotion  of present employees according to their performance. 4. Retired and Retrenched employees  may also be recruited once again in case of shortage of qualified personnel or increase in load of work . Recruitment such people save time and costs of the organisations as the people are already aware of the organisational culture and the policies and procedures. 5.The dependents and relatives of  deceased employees and disabled employees are also done by many companies so that the members of the family do not become dependent on the mercy of others. | | | EXTERNAL SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT1. PRESS ADVERTISEMENTS Advertisements of the vacancy in newspapers and journals are a widely used source of recruitment. The main advantage of this method is that it has a wide reach. 2. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES Various management institutes, engineering colleges, medical Colleges etc. are a good source of recruiting well qualified executives, engineers, medical staff etc.They provide facilities for campus interviews and placements. This source is known as Campus Recruitment. 3. PLACEMENT AGENCIES Several private consultancy firms perform recruitment functions on behalf of client companies by chargi ng a fee. These agencies are particularly suitable for recruitment of executives and specialists. It is also known as RPO (Recruitment Process Outsourcing) 4. EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGES Government establishes public employment exchanges throughout the country. These exchanges provide job information to job seekers and help employers in identifying suitable candidates.Recruitment ProcessThe recruitment and selection is the major function of the human resource department and recruitment process is the first step towards creating the competitive strength and the strategic advantage for the organisations. Recruitment process involves a systematic procedure from sourcing the candidates to arranging and conducting the interviews and requires many resources and time. A general recruitment process is as follows: 1. Identify vacancy 2. Prepare job description and person specification 3. Advertising the vacancy 4. Managing the response 5. Short-listing 6. Arrange interviews 7.Conducting interview a nd decision makingThe recruitment process is immediately followed by the selection process i. e. the final interviews and the decision making, conveying the decision and the appointment formalities. | | RECRUITMENT POLICY OF A COMPANYIn today’s rapidly changing business environment, a well defined recruitment policy is necessary for organizations to respond to its human resource requirements in time. Therefore, it is important to have a clear and concise recruitment policy in place, which can be executed effectively to recruit the best talent pool for the selection of the right candidate at the right place quickly.COMPONENTS OF THE RECRUITMENT POLICY * The general recruitment policies and terms of the organization * Recruitment services of consultants * Recruitment of temporary employees * Unique recruitment situations * The selection process * The job descriptionsFACTORS AFFECTING RECRUITMENT POLICY * Organizational objectives * Personnel policies of the organization and its competitors. * Government policies on reservations. * Preferred sources of recruitment. * Need of the organization. * Recruitment costs and financial implications. RECENT TRENDS IN RECRUITMENT | |The following trends are being seen in recruitment:OUTSOURCING In India, the HR processes are being outsourced from more than a decade now. A company may draw required personnel from outsourcing firms. The outsourcing firms help the organization by the initial screening of the candidates according to the needs of the organization and  creating a suitable pool of talent for the final selection by the organisation. Outsourcing firms develop their human resource pool by employing people for them and make available personnel to various companies as per their needs.In turn, the outsourcing firms or the intermediaries charge the organisations for their services. Advantages of outsourcing are: * Company need not plan for human resources much in advance. * Value creation, operational flexibility and competitive advantage * turning the management's focus to strategic level processes of HRM * Company is free from salary negotiations, weeding the unsuitable resumes/candidates. * Company can save a lot of its resources and timePOACHING/RAIDINGâ€Å"Buying talent† (rather than developing it) is the latest mantra being followed by the organisations today.Poaching means employing a competent and experienced person already working with another reputed company in the same or different industry; the organisation might be a competitor in the industry. A company can  attract talent from another firm by offering attractive pay packages and other terms and conditions, better than the current employer of the candidate. But it is seen as an unethical practice and not openly talked about. Indian software and the retail sector are the sectors facing the most severe brunt of poaching today.It has become a challenge for human resource managers to face and tackle poaching, as it weake ns the competitive strength of the firm. E-RECRUITMENT Many big organizations use Internet as a source of recruitment. E- Recruitment is the use of technology to assist the recruitment process. They advertise job vacancies through worldwide web. The job seekers send their applications or curriculum vitae i. e. CV through e mail using the Internet. Alternatively job seekers place their CV’s in worldwide web, which can be drawn by prospective employees depending upon their requirements.Advantages of recruitment are: * Low cost. * No intermediaries * Reduction in time for recruitment. * Recruitment of right type of people. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RECRUITMENT AND SELECTIONBoth recruitment and selection are the two phases of the employment process. The differences between the two are:   * Recruitment is the process of searching the candidates for employment and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organisation WHEREAS selection involves the series of steps by which the candidate s are screened for choosing the most suitable persons for vacant posts. The basic purpose of recruitments is to create a talent pool of candidates to enable the selection of best candidates for the organisation, by attracting more and more employees to apply in the organisation WHEREAS the basic purpose of selection process is to choose the right candidate to fill the various positions in the organisation. * Recruitment is a positive process i. e. encouraging more and more employees to apply WHEREAS selection is a negative process as it involves rejection of the unsuitable candidates. Recruitment is concerned with tapping the sources of human resources WHEREAS selection is concerned with selecting the most suitable candidate through various interviews and tests. | | | HR CHALLENGES IN RECRUITMENTRecruitment is a function that requires business perspective, expertise, ability to find and match the best potential candidate for the organisation, diplomacy, marketing skills (as to sell the position to the candidate) and wisdom to align the recruitment processes for the benefit of the organisation. The HR professionals – handling the recruitment function of the organisation- are constantly facing new challenges.The biggest challenge for such professionals is to source or recruit the best people or potential candidate for the organisation. In the last few years, the job market has undergone some fundamental changes in terms of technologies, sources of recruitment, competition in the market etc. In an already saturated job market, where the practices. like poaching and raiding are gaining momentum, HR professionals are constantly facing new challenges in one of their most important function- recruitment. They have to face and conquer various challenges to find the best candidates for their organisations. | ATTRITIONWhat is Meant by Attrition Rate? The term ‘attrition rate' can be defined as â€Å"A reduction in the number of employees through retirement , resignation or death. † It denotes the percentage change in the labour force of an organization. High percentage of labour turnover is not desirable for the organization because new workers are engaged in place of the workers who left the organization. Why do Employees Leave the Organization? There are a number of reasons for employees leaving the organization. Well, the most obvious reason for employees leaving any organization is higher pay.The main problem here is that employees are moved from one location to another location along with their family. But this problem is taken care of by a salary hike which may be around 20%-35% per annum. Another factor is work timings. In some organizations, work timings are such that they are making employees leave the organization. Another factor is career growth. In many organizations, only 20% of employees are able to go to senior levels. This means that the remaining 80% of employees look for other organization where they can get op portunities for growth.One more reason for leaving the organization is higher education. These days, in many organizations, employees are joining at very young age because of lucrative salaries being offered. But with time, they apply for higher education and try to move on to other organizations or sectors to occupy top management positions. The percentage of women workers is also responsible for higher attrition rate. These days, the percentage of women workers is around 30%. Generally, women workers leave the organization after marriage to take up their house-hold duties, irregular work hours et al. 0% of employee turnover can also be attributed to the mistakes during hiring process (Harvard Business Review). Other factors include accident making the worker permanently incapable of doing work, dislike for the job or place, unsatisfactory work conditions leading to strained work relationships with the employer; lack of security of employment et al also contribute for higher attrit ion rateAttrition rate is calculated as under A. Manpower at the beginning of the year add number of people recruited during the year less number of employees resigned. B.Take the average of the manpower at the beginning of the year and the result of â€Å"A† above. C. Divide the number of employees resigned during the year by â€Å"B† above. In addition to the above you may go through the exit interview forms of the employees resigned and use information from the research. You may also contact a sample (10%) of the people who resigned 6 months or earlier, send them exit interview form again and see if the reason for change is the same as stated earlier. Further, you may redesign the exit interview form as questionnaire and send to the sample.CHAPTER 2DESIGN OF THE STUDYINTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECTRecruitment is of the crucial roles of the human resource professional. The level of performance of an organization depends on the effectiveness of its recruitment function. O rganization has developed & follows recruitment strategies to hire the best talent for their organization and to utilize their resources optimally. A successful recruitment strategy should be well planned & practical to attract more & good talent to apply in the organizationRecruitment refers to the process of attracting, screening, and selecting qualified people for a job at an organization or firm.For some components of the recruitment process, mid- and large-size organizations often retain professional recruiters or outsource some of the process to recruitment agencies. The recruitment and selection is the major function of the human resource department and recruitment process is the first step towards creating the competitive strength and the strategic advantage for the organisations. Recruitment process involves a systematic procedure from sourcing the candidates to arranging and conducting the interviews and requires many resources and time.In this competitive global world and increasing flexibility in the labour market,  recruitment  is becoming more and more important in every business. Therefore,  recruitment  serves as the first step in fulfilling the needs of organizations for a competitive, motivated and flexible human resource that can help achieve its objectives. Technically speaking, the functions of recruitment precedes the selection function and it includes only developing the sources of prospective employees and attracting them to apply for jobs in their organization. whereas selection is the process of finding out the most suitable candidates to the jobs out of the candidates attracted. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:The company is facing a comparatively high rate of ATTRITION especially in its Reliance fresh stores, so a continuous recruitment of the eligible candidate is done to meet the standards. Moreover with the growth of the economy the company is also growing as many stores are being opened all over India so recruitment of right pe rson with right skills for the right job has become very important.SCOPE OF THE STUDY:The scope of the study was extended to all the stores of Bangalore in Karnataka, India through calls and e-mails for the recruitment of customer service associates (CSA’s) of reliance retail. The main study was extended to the RELIANCE FRESH division at Richmond road, Bangalore. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY * To study the recruitment process involved in the organization. * To study the employees perception towards the recruitment process * To analyse the challenges faced by the organization in recruitment * To study the major reasons for high attrition rate in Reliance Fresh, Bangalore. a * To give suggestions for improvement of recruitment process in Reliance Fresh, Bangalore METHODOLOGY: The data was collected from the primary & secondary sources. Tools and techniques for collection of dataPrimary data collection Primary data was collected from HR managers , Customer Service Associates(CSA†™s) who are currently working at various stores of reliance fresh in Bangalore and Ex-CSA’s through questionnaire and telephonic interview. Secondary data collection:Secondary data was collected through HRM books, journals  and internet. This data was graphically represented and analysed.The findings are summarized and suggestions have been made. SAMPLING PLANConvenience sampling was used. Sample size for this project was 100 which included 40 Customer Service Associates, 40 Ex-CSA’s and 20 HR managers of Reliance. PLAN OF ANALYSISSimple Percentages have been calculated on the basis of response received from questionnaire to analyse the data. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: * The sample size may be comparatively small compared to the population and there are chances that it may not represent the whole population. * The time and cost factors may affect the size of the sample. Every possibility of biased user opinion * Most of the samples was collected during the office ti me. So there will be a chance of receiving some wrong responses due to workload from the respondentsOVERVIEW OF CHAPTER SCHEMEChapter 1: IntroductionThis chapter includes an introduction to HRM, recruitment process and challenges. Chapter 2: Design of the studyThis Chapter includes a brief introduction of the subject background, statement of the problem, methodology, sampling plan, tools and techniques for collection of data, plan of analysis, limitations and an overview of chapter scheme.Chapter 3: Profile of the companyThis chapter contains a complete profile of the organization in terms of history, the nature of its business, products or services, its competitors, turnover, number of branches, staff pattern, vision , mission and values of Reliance retail with reference to research topic. Chapter 4: Analysis & interpretation of data:The chapter contains an analysis of the primary data in tune with the objectives of the study. Each question is followed by explanations and inference s.The analysis is also supported by tables and graphs. Chapter 5: Summary Of Findings, Conclusions & suggestions:This chapter provides a summary of the findings, conclusion drawn from the findings & also suggestions. It would also contain the Bibliography & AnnexureCHAPTER – 3PROFILE OF THE COMPANYThe India Retail industry is the largest among all the industries, accounting for over 10 per cent of the country’s GDP and around 8 per cent of the employment.The Retail Industry in India has come forth as one of the most dynamic and fast paced industries with several players entering the market. But all of them have not yet tasted success because of the heavy initial investments that are required to break even with other companies and compete with them. The India Retail Industry is gradually inching its way towards becoming the next boom industry. The total concept and idea of shopping has undergone an attention drawing change in terms of format and consumer buying behaviou r, ushering in a revolution in shopping in India.Modern retailing has ente4red into the Retail market in India as is observed in the form of bustling shopping centres, multi-storied malls and the huge complexes that offer shopping, entertainment and food all under one roof. Retailing includes all activities involved in selling goods or services directly to final consumers for personal, non-business use. A retailer or retail store is any business enterprise whose sales volume comes primarily from retailing. Any organization selling to final consumers-whether a manufacturer, wholesaler or retailer-is doing retailing.It does not matter how the goods or services are sold (by person, mail, telephone, vending machine or internet) or services are sold (in store, on the street, or in consumer’s home). RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTDThe Reliance Group, founded by Dhirubhai H. Ambani (1932-2002), is India’s largest private sector enterprise, with businesses in the energy and materials v alue chain. Group’s annual revenues are in excess of US$ 58 billion. The flagship company, Reliance Industries Limited, is a Fortune Global 500 company and is the largest private sector company in India.Backward vertical integration has been the cornerstone of the evolution and growth of Reliance. Starting with textiles in the late seventies, Reliance pursued a strategy of backward vertical integration- in polyester, fibre intermediates, plastics, petrochemicals, petroleum refining and oil and gas exploration and production –to be fully integrated along the materials and energy value chain. The Groups activities span exploration and production of oil and gas, petroleum refining and marketing, petrochemicals (polyester, fibre intermediates, plastics and chemicals), textiles, retail, infotech and special economic zones.Reliance enjoys global leadership in its businesses, being the largest polyester yarn and fibre producer in the world and among the top five to ten produc ers in the world in major petrochemical products. Major Group Companies are Reliance Industries Limited, including its subsidiaries and Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited. WORDS BY THE FOUNDER- â€Å"Growth has no limit at Reliance, I keep revising my vision. Only when you dream it, you can do it† | | | | | * *VISION:Through sustainable measures, create value for the nation, enhance quality of life across the entire socio-economic spectrum and help spearhead India as a global leader in the domains where we operate. MISSION Create value for all stakeholders Grow through innovation Lead in good governance practices Use sustainability to drive product development and enhance operational efficiencies. Ensure energy security of the nation Postal rural prosperity VALUES: Our growth and success are based on the ten core values of care, citizenships fairness honesty, integrity, purpose fullness, respect, responsibility, safety and trust.RELIANCE BELIEVES IN GROWTH THROUGH COM MITMENTS AND THEREFORE CARES ABOUT: Quality Research & Development Health, Safety & Environment Human Resource Development Energy Conservation Corporate Citizenships ABOUT RELIANCE RETAIL LIMITED Reliance Retail, Ltd. is a subsidiary company of  Reliance Industries. Founded in 2006 and based in  Mumbai, it is the second largest retailer in India. Its retail outlets offer foods, groceries, apparel and footwear, lifestyle and home improvement products, electronic goods, and farm implements and inputs.The company’s outlets also provide vegetables, fruits, and flowers. It focuses on consumer goods, consumer durables, travel services, energy, entertainment and leisure, and health and well-being products, as well as on educational products and services. SUBSIDIARIES OF RELIANCE RETAIL LIMITED Reliance Fresh  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Retail Outlets of fruits, Vegetables & Groceries. Reliance Digital  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Consumer Electronics retail Store Reliance Jewels – Jewellery Reliance Time Out – Lifestyle store of Books, Music, Movies, Toys, Gaming, Fragrances, Stationary. Reliance Trends – Apparel and ClothingReliance Footprints Limited Reliance Brand Limited Reliance styles India Limited Reliance Home Products Limited FOUNDED 29th of September 1988 As Chembur Patalganaga Pipelines Limited(CPPL) then in March it was rename as Reliance Industrial Infrastructure. HEADQUARTER Mumbai KERY PEOPLE Mukesh Ambani( CMD) With a vision to generate inclusive growth and prosperity for farmers, vendor partners, small shopkeepers and consumers, Reliance Retail Limited (RRL), a subsidiary of RIL, was set up to lead Reliance Group’s foray into organized retails.Since its inception in 2006, Reliance Retail Limited (RRL) has grown into an organization that caters to millions of customers, thousands of farmers and vendors. Based on its core growth strategy of backward integration, RRL has made rapid progress towards building an entire value chain starting from the farmers to the end consumers. Reliance Retail continued to expand presence of its value and specialty formats. During the year, Reliance Retail opened 90 new stores spanning across ‘value’ and ‘specialty’ segments.In-store initiatives, wider product choice and value merchandising enabled the business to achieve robust growth during this period. Its presence in the optics business is in partnership with Grand Vision. 51 new stores were added during FY:-11 taking the total presence to 100 stores across key markets in the country. The retail chain offers single brand optical products including Vision Express frames, lenses, contact lenses, sunglasses, solutions and accessories. For the very first time, consumers in India got the opportunity to experience Hamleys, which is considered to be the world’s most wonderful toy shop.The brand was launched in India with opening up of 2 stores during the year. Reliance Brands also announced exclusive licensing arr angement with two leading international brands: Steve Madden, a leading designer, wholesaler and retailer of fashion-forward footwear and accessories for women, men and children. Quiksilver, a leading outdoor sports lifestyle company to launch their core brands ‘Quiksilver’ and ‘Roxy’. Across India, reliance Retail serves over 2. 5 million customers every week. Its loyalty programme, ‘’Reliance One†, has the patronage of more than 6. 75 million customers. * Dhirubhai H. Ambani Founder Chairman Reliance Group December 28, 1932 – July 6, 2002 Dhirubhai Ambani founded Reliance as a textile company and led its evolution as a global leader in the materials and energy value chain businesses. He is credited to have brought about the equity cult in India in the late seventies and is regarded as an icon for enterprise in India. He epitomized the spirit ‘dare to dream and learn to excel'. The Reliance Group is a living testimony to his indomitable will, single-minded dedication and an unrelenting commitment to his goals. * PRODUCTS & BRANDSThe Company expanded into textiles in 1975. Since its initial public offering in 1977, the Company has expanded rapidly and integrated backwards into other industry sectors, most notably the production of petrochemicals and the refining of crude oil. The Company from time to time seeks to further diversify into other industries. The Company now has operations that span from the exploration and production of oil and gas to the manufacture of petroleum products, polyester products, polyester intermediates, plastics, polymer intermediates, chemicals and synthetic textiles and fabrics.The Company's major products and brands, from oil and gas to textiles are tightly integrated and benefit from synergies across the Company. Central to the Company's operations is its vertical backward integration strategy; raw materials such as PTA, MEG, ethylene, propylene and normal paraffin that we re previously imported at a higher cost and subject to import duties are now sourced from within the Company. This has had a positive effect on the Company's operating margins and interest costs and decreased the Company's exposure to the cyclicality of markets and raw material prices.The Company believes that this strategy is also important in maintaining a domestic market leadership position in its major product lines and in providing a competitive advantage. The Company's operations can be classified into four segments namely: Petroleum Refining and Marketing business Petrochemicals business Oil and Gas Exploration ; Production business Others The Company has the largest refining capacity at any single location. The Company is: Largest producer of Polyester Fibre and Yarn 5th largest producer of Paraxylene (PX) 5th largest producer of Polypropylene (PP) th largest producer of Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) and Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) * * HISTORY: * The Reliance Retail had to face various difficulties before the launch of Reliance fresh, because of the various circumstances prevailing in Orissa, West Bengal and UP, along with the news focusing on the dearth of vegetables and fruits stocks. The retail business of Reliance then minimized its exposures in vegetable and fruit business, as a result established Reliance fresh positioning a pure super market play focusing on various categories like IT, consumer durables, home FMCG and food. * The retail company of Reliance may not supply the vegetables and fruits in a few states, the Reliance Fresh decided to not race with local wholesaler’s party because of the political reasons as well as its incapability to maintain a healthy supply chain. * GROWTH: Reliance Industries Limited Growth is Life * The first ever Reliance Fresh store was established in Hyderabad, wherein the company, mainly focused on the fresh produced vegetables and fruits at comparatively low price along with an introduction of farm to fork theory. * This was the idea, which was anticipated by the company was to take the supply direct from the farmers and then sell straightaway to the consumers removing the middle-men off the beaten track. Reliance introduced several formats in the marketplace to cater to needs of common people, which includes Reliance Fresh, Reliance super, Reliance Footprint, Reliance Timeout, Reliance Jewels, Reliance wellness, Reliance Mart and Reliance Digital, to name a few. In addition to this, the Reliance Retail also entered into a treaty with Apple, which is a leading Information Technology company, to set up a series of Apple Specialty Outlets branded as 1Sotre, with its first ever store in Bangalore. * With an idea to produce inclusive prosperity and growth of farmers, consumers, small shopkeepers and vendor partners, Reliance Retail was set up in order to lead the foray of Reliance Group into an organized retail. A typical Reliance Fresh store is pproximately 3000-4000 square feet an d caters to a catchment area of 2–3  km. After launch, in a dramatic shift in its positioning and mainly due to the circumstances prevailing in UP, West Bengal and Orissa, it was mentioned recently  in news dailies that Reliance Retail is moving out of stocking fruits and vegetable. Reliance Retail  has decided to minimise its exposure in the fruit and vegetable business. The company may not stock fruit and vegetables in some states.Though Reliance Fresh is not exiting the fruit and vegetable business altogether, it has decided not to compete with local vendors partly due to political reasons, and partly due to its inability to create a robust supply chain. This is quite different from what the firm had originally planned. When the first Reliance Fresh store opened in Hyderabad last October not only did the company say the store’s main focus would be fresh produce like fruits and vegetables at a much lower price, but also spoke at length about its â€Å"farm-to- fork† theory.The idea the company spoke about was to source from farmers and sell directly to the consumer, removing middlemen out of the way. Reliance Fresh, Reliance Mart, Reliance Digital, Reliance Trends, Reliance Footprint, Reliance Wellness, Reliance Jewels, Reliance Timeout and Reliance Super are various formats that Reliance has rolled out. In addition, Reliance Retail has entered into an alliance with Apple for setting up a chain of Apple Specialty Stores branded as I Store, starting with Bangalore. OPPORTUNITIES IN INDIAN ORGANIZED RETAIL SECTORThe opportunities in Indian organized retail sector are many for this sector is witnessing a boom. The Indian retail industry in amounted to US$ 200 billion in 2006, and out of this amount the amount the amount the Indian organized retail sector amounted to US$6. 4 billion. The opportunity in Indian organized retail sector can be judge from the fact that by 2010 it is expected to rise to US$23 . The Indian governments in 2005 allowed foreign direct investment (FDI) in single brand retail to 51%.These have opened up a lot of opportunities in India organized retail sector. In fact 325 departmental stores, 300 new malls and 1500 super markets are being built which shows the tremendous opportunities in organized retail sector in Indian have entered in. reliance industries limited is targeting for annual sale of US$25 billion by 2011. It is planning to invest US$6 billion in order to open 1,500 supermarkets and 1000 hyper markets. Bharti telecoms is palling a joint venture with Telco a global retail giant worth 750 million. CHALLENGES OF RETAILING IN INDIA In India the Retailing industry has a long way to go, and to become a truly flourishing industry, retailing needs to cross the following hurdles: * The first challenge facing the organized retail sector is the competition from unorganized sector. * In retail sector, Automatic approval is not allowed for foreign investment. * Taxation, which favors small ret ail businesses. * Developed supply chain and integrated IT management is absent in retail sector. * Lack of trained work force. * Low skill level for retailing management. * Intrinsic complexity of retailing- rapid price changes, threat of product obsolescence and low margins. Organized retail sector has to pay huge taxes, which is negligible for small retail business. * Cost of business operations is very high in India. RECRUITMENT PROCESS AT RELIANCE RETAIL CUSTOMER SERVICE ASSOCIATES 1. Sourcing of Candidates 2. Interview Schedule 3 . Selected Candidates are registered. 4. Offer Generation 5. Joining Formalities 6. Training REGISTRATION OF CANDIDATE R Select R MTAS Recruiter Register Candidates-All the details are filled and registration no. is generated Again RMTAS Recruiter Enter Candidate Data-Save the details Now Interview Rating Sheet is filled and saved. RMTAS Offer Process Offer- Registration No. long with Store code is inserted. Requisition No and Position No. is inserted along with Date of Joining, Location, Grade and Salary are mentioned and offer is finally generated. After this medical details are maintained. PF form along with Application Form is printed Joining Formalities On Boarding CHAPTER – 4 ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF DATA TABLE NO. 1: Method Adopted by Reliance to Source Candidates | No. Of Respondents (HR Managers)| Percentage| Employee Referral| 4 | 20| Campus Recruitment| 2| 10| Advertising| 1| 5|Recruitment Agencies| 2| 10| Job Portals| 1| 5| Walk-In| 1| 5| All| 9| 45| TOTAL| 20| 100| Analysis: It can be analysed from the above table that 20% of the HR managers adopted employee referral to source candidates, 10% adopted campus recruitment and recruitment agencies to source candidates and 5 % through walk Ins and advertisements and 45% adopted all methods to source candidates. CHART NO. 1: Method Adopted by Reliance to Source CandidatesInference: It can be inferred from the above chart that majority of HR managers adopted emp loyee referral, campus recruitment, advertisements and walk in to source candidates which is good for the company in terms of selecting the right candidate for the job TABLE NO. 2: Type Of Recruitment Preferred in Reliance | No. Of Respondents (HR Managers)| Percentage| Internal Source| 5| 25| External Source| 5| 25| Both| 10| 50| TOTAL| 20| 100| Analysis: 5% of respondents felt that the type of recruitment preferred in reliance is from internal sources whereas another 25% felt it is from external sources but 50% felt that reliance prefers both external and internal sources to recruit candidates. CHART NO. 2: Type Of Recruitment Preferred in Reliance Inference: It is inferred from the above chart that majority of respondents felt that reliance fresh prefers both internal sources and external sources to recruit the right candidates which is highly appreciated TABLE No. 3: Tests Used During The Process Of Recruitment | No. f Respondents (HR Managers)| Percentage| Written tests| 5| 5| Aptitude Test| 2| 10| Personal Interview| 1| 5| Psychometric Test| 2| 10| All| 10| 50| Total| 20| 100| Analysis: It can be analysed from that above table that 5% of the HR managers uses written tests and PI to judge the candidates, 10% managers told that they use aptitude and psychometric tests to judge and 50% managers told that they conduct all the mentioned tests to judge the candidates.CHART No. 3: Tests Used During The Process Of Recruitment Inference It can be inferred from the above chart that HR managers in Reliance conduct all types of tests to judge the candidates capabilities before hiring them which is beneficial for the company. TABLE NO. 4: Factors Which Influence The recruitment Process in Reliance | No. Of Respondents (HR Managers)| Percentage| Based on experience| 2| 10| Based on qualification| 5| 25| HR Policies of the company| 4| 20| All The Above| 9| 45| Total | 20| 100| Analysis:It can be analysed from the above table that 10 % of the HR managers considers exper ience as one of the factors which influences recruitment process in Reliance while, 25% and 20% managers considers qualifications and HR policies of the company respectively as the important factors and 45% of them told that is based on all the above mentioned factors. CHART NO. 4: Factors Which Influence the recruitment Process in Reliance Inference: From the above chart, it can be inferred that candidates experience, qualifications and the HR policies of the company are the various factors which influences the recruitment process of Reliance.TABLE No. 5: Technological Support For The Process Of Recruitment | No. of Respondents(HR managers)| Percentage| Telephone| 4| 20 | Video Conferencing| 2| 10| Online Support| 14| 70| Any Other| 0| 0| TOTAL| 20| 100| Analysis: It can be analysed from the above table that 70% of the HR managers use online support for the process of recruitment while 20 and 10% managers espectively told that it is also done through telephone and video conferencin g. CHART No. 5: Technological Support For The Process Of Recruitment Inference: It can be inferred from the above chart that reliance uses online support in the process of recruitment which is helpful in recruiting the large mass of people without any chaos. TABLE No. 6: Time Taken By HR Managers to Fill The gap At Store Level | No. Of Respondents (HR Managers)| Percentage| 1day| 3| 15| 1-3 days| 14 | 70 | 7 days| 3| 15| -15 days| 0| 0 | TOTAL| 20| 100| Analysis: It can be analysed from the above table that 70% of the HR managers told that gap at the store level is filled maximum within 1-3 days while 15 % of them told that it either takes 1 day or 7 days to fill the gap. CHART No. 6: Time Taken By HR Managers to Fill The gap At Store Level Inference: So it can be inferred from the above chart that HR managers hardly takes 1-3 days to fill the gap at store level which shows that their recruitment team is doing fine job. TABLE NO. 7: Back Out Percentage Of Candidates After Being Offe red No. Of Respondents| %age| 1-5%| 16| 80| 5-10%| 3| 15| 10-15%| 2| 10| 15-20%| 0| 0 | TOTAL| 20| 100| Analysis: It can be analysed from the above table that 80% of the HR managers told that back out percentage of the candidates after being offered is 1-5% and 15% told that it is 5-10% while 10% managers told that is around 10-15%. CHART NO. 7: Back Out Percentage Of Candidates After Being Offered Inference:It can be inferred from the above chart that back out percentage of the candidates are between 1-5% after being offered which should be lessen in order to retain the employees. TABLE NO. 8: Biggest Challenge Faced By the organization in the process of recruitment | No. Of Respondents (HR Managers)| Percentage| Attrition| 16| 80| Availibility of manpower| 4| 20| Skilled people| 0| 0 | Salary Issues| 0| 0| TOTAL| 20| 100|Analysis: It can be analysed from the above table that 80% of the HR managers consider attrition as the biggest challenge faced by the organization, while 20% of them told that availability of man power is also the problem that company faces. CHART NO. 8: Biggest Challenge Faced By the organization in the process of recruitment Inference: It can be inferred from the above figure, that the company is having high rate of attrition, which needs to be solved quickly in order to maintain its growth. TABLE NO. 9: Most Important Reason For Attrition | No.Of Respondents (HR Managers)| Percentage| Lack of proper Work environment| 0| 0| Remuneration is not according to skills| 9| 45| Lack of job rotations| 6| 30| No lateral or vertical growth| 0| 0| lack of motivation| 0| 0| Salary and cut throat competition| 5| 25| TOTAL| 20| 100| Analysis: It can be inferred from the above table that 45% of the managers feels remuneration is the most important reason for attrition, 30% of them told that lack of job rotation is must be the important reason for attrition while 25% of them told that salary and cut throat competition is the most important reason for att rition.CHART NO. 9: Most Important Reason For Attrition Inference: It can be inferred from above chart that according to the HR managers of reliance the remuneration along with the salary and cut throat competition are the most important reason for attrition in the company. TABLE NO. 10: Solution For attrition in the Organization | No. of Respondents(HR Managers)| Percentage| Bring the challenges in the work environment| 4| 20| Provide development and skill training| 8| 40| Tackle and solve employees issues in real time| 7| 35|Create a preference based reward system| 1| 5| TOTAL| 20| 100| Analysis: It can be analysed from the above table that 40% of the HR managers believe that providing development and skills training to the employees can be the solution for attrition, 35% of them told that tackling and solving the employees issues in real time can be the solution while 20% of the managers suggested that bringing some changes in the work environment can be helpful and 5% thinks tha t creating a performance based reward system can be the solution for attrition. CHART NO. 0: Solution For attrition in the Organization Inference: It can be inferred from the above chart that attrition can be controlled if the company provides development and skills training to the candidates and also if they start solving employees issues in real time. TABLE NO. 11: Working duration of CSA’S in the organization | No. Of Respondents(CSA)| Percentage| Less than 6 months| 7| 17. 5| More than 6months| 15| 37. 5| 1 year| 10| 25| More than a year| 8| 20| TOTAL| 40| 100| Analysis: It can be analysed from the above table, that 37. % of the CSA’s are working in the company for more than 6 months but less than a year, 25% of them told that they are working from past one year, 17. 5% of the CSA’s told they are working from last 6 months and only 20% of the CSA’s are in the organization for more than a year. CHART NO. 11: Working duration of CSA’S are working in the organization Inference: It can be inferred from above chart that only 20 % of the CSA’s are in the organization for more than a year and so it is necessary for the company to take some steps in order to retain the employees for a longer period of time.TABLE NO. 12: Information about the vacancy in the organization | No. Of Respondents(CSA)| Percentage| job Portals | 3| 7. 5| Reference| 8| 20| Leaflets| 4| 10| Advertisements| 5| 12. 5| Word Of Mouth | 20| 50| Any other Please Specify| 0| 0| TOTAL| 40| 100| Analysis: It can be analysed from the above table that 7. 5% of the CSA’s came to know about the vacancy in the organization from job portals, 20% of them told they came from reference, 10% told they got leaflets, 12. % came to know through advertisements and 50% of the CSA’s told that they came here by listening from their friends and relatives. CHART NO. 12: Information about the vacancy in the organization Inference: It can be inferred from the above that most of the people come to know through family and friends which is good but the company should do more advertisement to attract large number of people. TABLE NO. 13: Time Spent by CSA’s For the process of recruitment | No. Of Respondents(CSA)| Percentage| Less than 1 Day| 5| 12. 5| 1 Day| 5| 12. 5| 1-2 days| 25| 62. 5| More than 3 days| 5| 12. | TOTAL| 40| 100| Analysis: It can be analyzed from the above table that 12. 5% of the CSA’s told it takes less than a day to complete the whole process 12. 5 of them told that it takes 1 day and 3 days respectively and 62. 5 % of the CSA’s told that it takes 1-2 days in the whole process of recruitment. CHART NO. 13: Time Spent by CSA’s For the process of recruitment Inference: It can be inferred from the above chart that the candidates have to spend more than one whole day during the entire process of recruitment. TABLE NO. 14: Problems faced by CSA’s during the process of recruitment No. Of Responde nts(CSA)| Percentage| Communication| 5| 12. 5| Documents Required| 10| 25| Time Involved | 20| 50| Managers Behavior| 2| 5| Any Other Please Specify| 3| 7. 5| TOTAL| 40| 100| Analysis: It can be analysed from the above figure that 12. 5% of the CSA’s considers communication as one of the problem faced by them at the time of recruitment 25% of them told documents required is one of the problem , 5% told managers behaviour and 50% of the CSA’s considers time as the biggest problem they come through while recruitment.CHART NO. 14: Problems faced by CSA’s during the process of recruitment Inference: It can be inferred from the above chart that the time involved is the biggest problem faced by CSA’s during the process of recruitment which needs to be shorten. TABLE NO. 15: Satisfaction level of CSA’s with the recruitment Process | No. Of Respondents(CSA)| Percentage| Highly Satisfied| 5| 12. 5| Satisfied| 15| 37. 5| Neutral| 18| 45| Dissatisfied| 2| 5| Highly Dissatisfied| 0| 0| TOTAL| 40| 100| Analysis: It can be analysed from the above table that 12. % are highly satisfied with the recruitment process, 37. 5% respondents are satisfied, 45% is neither satisfied nor dissatisfied and 5% respondents are dissatisfied with the recruitment process in Reliance Fresh. CHART NO. 15: Satisfaction level of CSA’s with the recruitment Process Inference: It can be inferred from the above chart that majority of CSA’s are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with the recruitment process. None of the CSA’s are highly dissatisfied with the process still there is scope for improvement of recruitment process in reliance fresh. TABLE NO. 6: Working duration of Ex-CSA’s in the organization | No. Of Respondents(Ex-CSA’s)| Percentage| Less than 6 months| 10| 25| More than 6 months| 18| 45| 1-2 years| 7| 17. 5| More than 2 years| 5| 12. 5| TOTAL| 40| 100| Analysis: It can be analysed from the above figure that 45% of the Ex-CSA’s told they have worked for more than 6 months, 17. 5% of them have worked for 1-2 years, 25% have worked for less than 6 months and 12. 5 % Ex-CSA’s have worked for more than 2 years. CHART NO. 16: Working duration of Ex-CSA’s in the organization InferenceIt can be inferred from the above chart that majority of CSA’s have worked for more than 6 months,  Ã‚  which implies the need to change the HR policies and practices to improve employee retention. TABLE NO. 17: Main Reason Behind Leaving the Organization | No. Of Respondents (Ex-CSA’s)| Percentage| Higher Studies | 3| 7. 5| Got Good Opportunity Somewhere Else| 12| 30| Due to Salary| 23| 57. 5| Behavior Of The Store Manager| 2| 5| Any Other, Please specify| 0| 0| TOTAL| 40| 100| Analysis: It can be analyzed from the above that 7. % of the Ex-CSA’s have left the organization due to higher studies, 30% have left because they got good opportunities somewhere else, while 5% have left the store due to bad attitude of the store manager and 57. 5% of Ex-CSA’s told that they have left the organization because they are not satisfied with the salary they are getting. CHART NO. 17: Main Reason Behind Leaving the Organization Inference: Therefore it can be inferred from the above chart that most of the CSA’s have left the company due to salary. They are paid but they are not satisfied with the amount they are getting.TABLE NO. 18: Awareness Of Job Profile at the time of joining | No. Of Respondents(Ex-CSA’s)| Percentage| YES| 30| 75| NO| 10| 25| TOTAL| 40| 100| Analysis: It can be analyzed from the above table that 75% of the Ex-CSA’s were aware of the job profile at the time of joining while 25% of them are not aware before joining. CHART NO. 18: Awareness Of Job Profile at the time of joining Inference: It can be inferred from the above that all the candidates should made aware about the job profile at the time of joining. TABLE NO. 19: Wor k Environment is good or not | No.Of Respondents(Ex-CSA’s)| Percentage| YES| 20| 50| NO| 20| 50| TOTAL| 40| 100| Analysis: It can be analysed from the above table that 50% of the Ex-CSA’s found the work environment good but 50% of the Ex-CSA’s told that it is not that good. CHART NO. 19: Work Environment is good or not Inference: It can be inferred from the above chart that work environment is neither very good nor very bad so it can be improved and made more comfortable for working. TABLE NO. 20: Willingness to rejoin the organization | No. Of Respondents(Ex-CSA’s)| Percentage| NO| 35| 87. 5| YES| 5| 12. 5| | 40| 100|Analysis: It can be analyzed from the above table that 87. 5% of the Ex-CSA’s are not willing to rejoin the organization while only 12. 5% of them told that they can join the organization if they will get the opportunity. CHART NO. 20: Willingness to rejoin the organization Inference: It can be inferred from the above chart that most of the left employees will not join the organization again but few can join if they will get the opportunity. CHAPTER-5 FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS From the above data analysis and interpretation, following are the findings: To study the recruitment process involved in the organization. * Reliance follows a particular process for recruitment which is good and is according to the HR policies of the company. * Reliance adopts different processes like employee reference, walk-ins, advertisements for sourcing the candidates which is good in terms of selecting the right candidate for the vacant position. * Reliance uses both the internal and external sources to recruit the candidates. * Reliance uses aptitude tests, written tests, personal Interviews and Psychometric tests to judge the candidates before hiring them. Reliance recruits the candidates based on their experience and qualifications along with the HR policies they have adopted. * To analyse the chall enges faced by the organization in recruitment. * HR managers in reliance hardly takes 1-3 days to fill the gap at store level which shows that their recruitment team is doing good job. * It is found that back out percentage of the candidates after being offered is between 1-5% ,which should be lessen in order to retain the employees. * It is also found that the company is having high rate of attrition, which needs to be solved quickly in order to maintain its growth. It is also found that according to the HR managers the remuneration and cut throat competition are the most important reason for attrition in the company. * It is also found that attrition can be controlled if the company provides development and skills training to the candidates and also if they start solving employees issues in real time. * To study the employees perception towards the recruitment process * It is found that very few CSA’s are working in the organization for more than one year and so necessary measures are need to be taken in order to retain the employees for a longer period of time. It is also found that most of the employees come to know about the vacancies in the organization through their family and friends which are good but the company should do more advertisement to attract more people in large number. * It is also found that the candidates have to spend lots of time for the entire process of recruitment. * It is also found that the time involved is the biggest problem faced by CSA’s during the process of recruitment. * It is also found that CSA’s views are neutral towards the recruitment process so it can be improved and can be made more appropriate. * To study the major reasons for high attrition rate in Reliance fresh * It is found from the analysis that majority of the CSA’s have worked for more than six months and then left the company because they want hike in their salary. * Therefore, it can be inferred that most of the CSA’s hav e left the company due to salary. * It is also found that work environment is neither very good nor very bad so it can be improved. * It is also found that most of the Ex-CSA’s will not join the organization again but only very few can join if they will get the opportunity.CONCLUSION Human resources are the most critical assets of any organization as the organization's success lies in their hands. Recruitment is an important part of an organization's human resource planning and their competitive strength. Recruitment represents the first contact that a company makes with potential employees. It is through recruitment that many individuals will come to know a company and eventually decide whether they wish to work for it. High quality employees cannot be selected when better candidates do not know of job openings.From my study, it can be concluded that reliance has an effective recruitment and selection process but some improvement still can be done. The process is successful in bringing the right person to the right place as the selection process is strict and ensures that best talent is brought to the company. Reliance hires the employees based on their qualification and experience according to the HR policies which is appreciable. The company is having high rate of attrition, which needs to be solved quickly in order to maintain its growth and reduce the recruitment cost.The major reason for high attrition rate is compensation. Employees working at reliance fr